Swayambhunath Stupa (Monkey Temple)

Apr 19, 2025

Blog By: Levinly Travel

Swayambhunath, popularly known as the Monkey Temple, is one of the well-known and spiritually significant historical sites in Kathmandu, Nepal.  Situated on a hilltop with a panoramic view of the city, this ancient stupa—believed to be centuries old, over 1,500 years old—is a sacred site for both Buddhists and Hindus. Its lustrous white dome, golden spire, and the ever-watchful eyes of the Buddha represent peace, wisdom, and the path to enlightenment. surrounded by the wind-blown prayer flags, small shrines, and Mischievous monkeys, Swayambhunath offers visitors not only a deep sense of serenity but also a breathtaking panoramic view of the Kathmandu Valley, making it an Unmissable and must-visit destination that seamlessly interweaves spirituality, culture, and history.

Swayambhunath Stupa (Monkey Temple): A Sacred Crown Above Kathmandu

Located at the top of a hill, this spot offers a breathtaking view of the vibrant Kathmandu Valley. Swayambhunath Stupa, commonly in a loving manner called the Monkey Temple, stands as a symbol of Nepal’s deep spiritual roots and centuries-old history. This legendary white dome, crowned with a gold-covered spire and wakeful Buddha eyes, is more than just a religious monument—it is a living will to Nepal’s harmonious blend of Hindu and Buddhist faith.

Swayambhunath Stupa (Monkey Temple): A Sacred Site with Ancient Origins

Swayambhunath is one of the oldest-standing and most adore religious sites in Nepal. Its name comes from the Sanskrit word “Swayambhu”, sense “self-existent one,” a clue to the fairy tale that the stupa appeared without warning from a lotus flower in the middle of an ancient lake that once filled the Kathmandu Valley.

Historians identify the origin of its construction as back to around the 5th century CE, during the reign of King Mānadeva. Gradually, it has been renovated many times and Improvements by multiple rulers, specifically during the time of the Licchavi dynasty and Malla periods. over the centuries of change, the spiritual essence of Swayambhunath remains constant, continuing to hold its popularity and visitors from across the world.

Swayambhunath Stupa (Monkey Temple): A Sacred Icon of Beauty and Belief

As you climb the 365 steps leading to the stupa, you are greeted by prayer flags, intricate stone carvings, and a horde of curious monkeys – hence the name “Monkey Temple.” According to local legend, these monkeys are considered sacred and are believed to be descendants of the lice of the bodhisattva Manjushri.

The stupa at the top awes with its huge white dome symbolising the earth, and a golden pinnacle representing the thirteen stages of enlightenment. The Buddha's all-seeing eyes look peacefully in all four directions, symbolizing awareness and compassion. Between the eyes is a question mark-like symbol - actually the Nepali number one - which represents unity and the path to enlightenment. Surrounding the main stupa are smaller stupas, shrines, Tibetan monasteries, Hindu temples, and a museum. The continuous spinning of prayer wheels and the melodious humming of mantras create an atmosphere of peace and contemplation.

Swayambhunath Stupa (Monkey Temple): A Timeless Blend of Buddhist and Hindu Traditions

The most notable aspect of Swayambhunath is its syncretic nature. Although it is a Buddhist site, it is equally revered by Hindus. You will find Hindu temples and images of deities like Harati, the goddess of smallpox and child protection, who is worshipped by both communities. This co-existence is a beautiful reflection of the cultural and religious harmony of Nepal, where devotees from different backgrounds come together with shared devotion.

Swayambhunath Stupa (Monkey Temple): A Celebration of Festivals and Rituals

This ancient stupa, which is believed to have originated from a lotus flower in an ancient lake that once existed in the Kathmandu Valley, holds a deep place in the hearts of locals and pilgrims. Its rituals and annual festivals bring life to its serene structure, turning the sacred hill into a vibrant centre of devotion, colour, music, and prayer.

Daily Rituals: A Cycle of Devotion

The spiritual rhythms of Swayambhunath begin early in the morning. Every day, devotees—monks, nuns, locals, and pilgrims—climb the 365 steps leading up to the stupa, many spinning prayer wheels and chanting mantras such as Om Mani Padme Hum as they climb.

At the top, they walk around the stupa clockwise (a practice called kora) and offer ghee lamps, incense, and prayers. Monks recite sacred texts in nearby monasteries, and pigeons circle around the gold-plated peak, which adds to the vibrant spiritual atmosphere of the temple.

You'll generally see:

• Offerings of flowers, fruits, and rice
• Lighting a Butter lamp for virtue and purification
• Prostrations by devotees around the base of the stupa

Key Festivals Celebrated at Swayambhunath

1. Buddha Jayanti (Buddha Purnima): Full moon day in April–May
What it celebrates: Birth, enlightenment and nirvana of Lord Buddha
Highlights:

• The stupa is beautifully decorated with prayer flags, flowers and butter lamps
• Thousands of devotees and monks gather for prayers, chants and ritual offerings
• Special circumambulations and alms-giving to monks are common
• Cultural programs and free food distribution take place around the hill

2. Gunla Festival: August (Gunla, the tenth month of the Newar calendar)

Who celebrates: Mainly Newar Buddhists

What it involves: 

• A month-long pilgrimage in which devotees visit Swayambhunath every morning
• Procession accompanied by traditional Newar musical instruments (such as the dhime and bhusya)
• Display of sacred Buddhist scriptures and paintings
• Community expression of spiritual discipline and heritage

3. Lhosar (Tibetan New Year): February (dates vary by community)

Who celebrates: Primarily Tibetan Buddhists
Highlights:

• Ritual dances and worship in nearby monasteries
• Display of Tibetan prayer flags and colourful costumes
• Offerings to deities, family feasts, and community celebrations

4. Samyak Mahadan (Every 5 years)

This is a rare and grand Buddhist festival held once every few years, with Swayambhunath usually being the main venue.
Massive alms-giving ceremonies in which sacred images of Dipankara Buddha are displayed, and generous donations are given to monks and the poor.

Swayambhunath Stupa (Monkey Temple): A Confluence of Faiths

What makes Swayambhunath truly unique is its dual religious identity. Despite being a predominantly Buddhist site, it is equally revered by Hindus, especially due to the presence of temples dedicated to Harati (Ajima) - a protective goddess - and other Hindu deities. As a result, many of the rituals and festivals celebrated here seamlessly blend both traditions, reinforcing Nepal's cultural morals of religious harmony.

Visitors' experience during festivals

If you're visiting Swayambhunath during a major festival, expect the following:

• Crowd of devotees from morning till evening
• The sound of chants, music, and temple bells
• Colourful decorations and lively processions
• Opportunities to observe authentic religious practices and interact with local people
• Festive sweets and snacks are available at local food stalls

Swayambhunath Stupa (Monkey Temple): Best Times to Experience Its Spiritual Magic

Although Swayambhunath is open throughout the year, visiting here early in the morning is a more peaceful experience as the golden sunrise casts a mystical glow over the valley. Clear days offer a panoramic view of Kathmandu and glimpses of the Himalayan ranges in the distance. Whether you are a spiritual seeker, a cultural explorer, or a traveler in awe of ancient traditions, witnessing the festival at Swayambhunath is an unforgettable experience, offering an insight into the vibrant spirit of Nepali culture. Going there during festivals can be an intense cultural experience, but for those who want some peace, weekdays and off-peak times are ideal.

How to Get to the Monkey Temple (Swayambhunath Stupa) in Kathmandu

Located about 2.5 kilometres west of Thamel, the tourist hub of Kathmandu, Swayambhunath can be easily reached by taxi, rickshaw or even on foot for those who wish to enjoy city hike. Most visitors prefer to climb the eastern staircase for the traditional approach, but a motorable road leads to the less difficult entrance on the western side.

Swayambhunath Stupa (Monkey Temple): Essential Tips for First-Time Visitors

Dress respectfully: Being a religious place, dressing modestly is appreciated.
Watch your belongings: Monkeys are playful, but can be mischievous!
Support local artisans: The area around the stupa offers beautiful handicrafts and souvenirs made by local artists.
Be mindful: walk around the stupa clockwise, respect the rituals, and enjoy the meditative atmosphere.

Swayambhunath isn't just a place you visit - it's an experience you feel. Whether you're a spiritual seeker, a history buff, or a curious traveler, the Monkey Temple invites you to pause, reflect, and connect with something bigger than yourself. It is a place where time slows down, prayers rise with the wind, and the sacred dances effortlessly with the everyday.